THE ROLE OF THE –ISMS IN THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

I. REVOLUTION AND THE 19^TH CENTURY…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMYNfQlf1H8

The question today is, what was the role of nationalism, liberalism and romanticism in the Revolutions of 1848?

            Revolutions of 1848:

                       

Who revolted?

French, Poles, Danes, Germans, Italians, Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Croats, and Romanians.

Only two places in Europe DO NOT have revolution in 848:

            Britain and Russia

II. The Case of France in 1848:

A.     King Louis Philippe (king from 1830-1848)

and Prime Minister Francois Guizot 

B.      The February Revolution:

The Second French Republic: 1848

           

Alphonse da Lamartine

            Louis Blanc

            National Workshops

C.      JUNE DAYS:

Gen. Louis-Eugene Cavaignac

Constitution of the Second Republic

Universal Male Suffrage

Louis Napoleon: (led from 1848-1870)

"I believe that from time to time, men are created whom I call volunteers of providence, in whose hands are placed the destiny of their countries. I believe I am one of those men. If I am wrong, I can perish uselessly. If I am right, then providence will put me into a position to fulfill my mission."

1848=Napoleon wins the presidency

1852: plebiscite held by Napoleon…90%

=Emperor Napoleon III (…death of the 2^nd Republic)

In France, the Revolution of 1848, short lived as it was, combined elements of nationalism, liberalism, and romanticism.

Was that the case elsewhere?

III. Revolutions of 1848 across Europe: STUDENT-GENERATED IN CLASS WORK ON THE 1848 EXPERIENCE IN COUNTRIES OTHER THAN FRANCE:

A  . Poland

Poles push for own country.

Germany pushes back.

Army…Polish Legion from prisoners

--nationalist and a failure

B   . Denmark

--ruled by absolute

--National Liberals, march on Christianborg

--Frederick VII in charge, new cabinet, national Liberal Party

--bicameral legislature, new Constitution

                                    --liberalism prevails

C   . German States

March Revolution…pan-Germanism, unify all German speaking people into greater Germany

--middle class liberal reform

            --working class radical reform of living and working conditions

--it failed…no leadership

                        Frederick William IV of Prussia

--maybe communism…

--nationalism

D  Italian States

Italy under Austria…want freedom from Austria, Italy sought outside help

     --failed, Austria divides Italy even more

                                    --lack of unification

                        --liberalism, nationalism

            --some liberal constitutions, donít last long

E   Hungary

Austrian rule…March 15, 1848

4 main rulers,

     uprising in Pest started the whole thing, sparked by victory in Vienna

--royalists looked to Russia for help

            --feudalism ends…liberal victory

            --want to unite Hungarians--nationalist

F    Romania

--Wallachian Revolution…Romanian liberal and national uprising…goal is to overturn Russian authority

--led by young intellectuals and officers, topple a prince,

Proclamation of Islaz is result--

            Statement of liberal vaues

Progressive reform..separation of powers, emancipation of Jews and Gypsies, equal rights, elections every five years…liberalism